Queen of the Clouds:Olean’s “Adopted in Death” Balloon-Jumping Daughter
By Stephen L. Cocca
Ca. 1890 broadside for a French balloon aeronaut named Miss Stena. Daring balloon acts were popular shows at fairs around the United State in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.Credit- Library of Congress
A tiny, weather-worn granite marker stands sentinel at the crest of a rise in Olean’s Mount View Cemetery, overlooking the south bank of the Allegheny River. It is all that remains to tell the story of a 32-year-old woman who fell to earth on a sunny afternoon in 1907 and was adopted in death by the stunned witnesses of her demise. The marker reads, “Carrie Myers, killed September 14, 1907, by fall from parachute. Erected to her memory by admirers of her daring event.”
According to accounts published in the days following the tragedy, there were hundreds, perhaps thousands of people who viewed Carrie’s coffin at Quigley’s Funeral Parlor, who visited the exact spot where she landed just north of where she had begun her ascent into the bright sky and who escorted her remains to her grave. None of the citizens of Olean knew the daredevil personally. Nor did they have any connection to her, other than they may have witnessed her fall or heard about it from someone who did and were deeply touched. But they donated money to pay her final expenses, including sending her personal effects to her relatives. The local florist donated wreaths, while the funeral director donated a beautiful pearl-gray casket bearing a silver plate engraved with the words “at rest.” Her final resting place was paid for by the people of the city, not by her family.
Reports maintained that Carrie’s husband and sister, as well as her mother, all remained far away in her hometown of Springfield, MA. They did not attend her funeral nor contribute in any way. Even her brother in Waterville, CT, reportedly refused to have anything to do with her, more or less telling the funeral director to take care of her burial himself. Instead, it was the citizens of Olean who adopted the daredevil in death and made her their own.
The Age of the Traveling Show
Carnivals and traveling shows were commonplace at the turn of the 20th century as rural communities big and small were frequent stops for the troupes of entertainers who crisscrossed the United States under the ownership of various showmen and promoters. The Chicago World Fair and Exposition of 1893 opened the floodgates and soon after, dozens of shows had hit the road. By 1902, some 17 shows were touring the United States. The number exploded with each passing year and, by 1936, more than 300 shows were moving from town to town.
The Southern Tier town of Olean was like so many others at the turn of the century, in that it hosted an annual fair, held on the grounds of the Olean Fair Association, sometimes called the Jersey Farm. The grounds were dominated by the large oval track of the city racecourse. The racetrack was situated in a north-south configuration on a level field north of West State Street, bordered by North 15th Street to the east and North 20th Street to the west. It sported a 300-foot-long grandstand that overlooked a half-mile-long, 60-foot-wide oval track. The fair featured some of the traveling troupes of the day, and within the oval would be situated attractions like trained animal acts, a “Loop-the-Loop,” “slack wire walkers,” running and trotting races. A large crowd from the bustling city of Olean and surrounding communities attended the fair each year to partake of the wonderous sights, the lively fair music and daring acts, while sampling exotic foods. The Olean Fair first opened in 1879 and closed in 1916 though, like all such events around the nation, it was well attended.
Some of the most popular draws for many of the traveling shows that frequented fairs like that held in Olean were the hot-air balloon acts. These spectacles often featured a display of colorful balloons that would be released to much fanfare, rising majestically into the sky to awe the crowd. Some touring companies of the day even featured competitive balloon races, sometimes offering the opportunity for well-heeled patrons to have their picture taken in a gondola. Often the balloon would be tethered safely to the ground, then loosened just enough to allow the craft to rise far enough into the sky so that the photographer, perched on a platform, could take the shot making it appear that the riders were way above the fairgrounds. For the common fairgoer, the nickel or dime price of admission was a significant investment but considered well worth the “price of admission” for what might await the curious consumer of the fair’s offerings.
Perhaps the biggest draw of these hot-air balloon shows were the stunts accomplished by performers called “aeronauts.” In some shows, an aeronaut’s balloon would rise into the air, whereupon the performer would climb down a rope, release his grip and tumble backwards toward earth, only to be held firm to the basket by the end of the rope that had been secured to the performer’s ankle. He would then float, hanging upside down from one foot, while the balloon remained aloft, climbing safely back into the gondola moments before the balloon returned to the ground. In another stunt, a performer would jump from a low floating balloon and drop a short distance onto a giant trampoline. His bounce back up would wow the crowd as he would grab one of the many ropes dangling from the very same gondola from which he had leapt seconds before.
The 1907 fair at Olean would feature a balloon side-show presented by the American Balloon Company of Boston under the direction of Professor T.H. Flowers. On its tour that summer, Flowers and his company had worked their way west, starting from the home base in Boston, to their latest stop in Olean. Like many of the fair’s other attractions, the American Balloon Company’s traveling show was to set up inside Olean’s racetrack oval.
Recently added as the star attraction of Flowers’ show was one Miss Carrie Myers. Having previously toured on her own, Myers signed a contract with Flowers’ show before the start of the 1907 season, where she would be billed as the “Queen of the Clouds.”
The “Queen of the Clouds”
Though daring, none of the aforementioned balloon “tricks” matched what Carrie Myers could do, and the massive crowds attending her performances demonstrated the curiosity of fairgoers to witness the uniqueness of her act. They came to see one of the most spectacular acts anywhere.
Each performance would begin with Miss Myers climbing into the gondola, arrayed in a brightly colored cape. On her orders, the balloon would be untethered, whereupon it would rise into the air with the beautiful daredevil waving to her cheering audience as she ascended. When the balloon reached its zenith, between 1,000 and 2,000 feet, Myers would climb out of the gondola and, to the amazement of the crowd below, jump out of the basket while holding onto long, trapeze-type bar. Attached to the bar were two large cloth bags or knapsacks. After a brief free-fall, she would suddenly release her right hand from the iron bar, wave to the crowd below, then reach up and yank a cord, dangling for a precarious second from the trapeze bar with only her left hand still grasping it. In response to her tug on the cord, a giant parachute would burst from the knapsack and momentarily retard her plunge to earth.
Dolly Shepherd was a contemporary British aeronaut and parachutist, who toured England around the same time Carrie Myers was touring the United States. Dolly’s parachute and trapeze antics were slightly different than Carrie’s, however, as there was no second free fall. She would live to reach her 90s, passing away in 1983.Credit- Imperial War Museum
A sigh of relief would rise from the audience, thinking she was safe under the billowing canopy with both hands holding onto the bar and attached parachute. At that point, the performer would again lift her hand from the bar and, with another wave, release the clamp holding the first chute to the bar, letting it drift away on the breeze. Gasping, the fearful audience would witness her renewed plunge to earth. Convinced that she was tumbling to her death, the panicked spectators would witness another miracle as a sudden jerk of her freed-again hand would release a second, smaller parachute, which would complete her safe decent to the waiting field below and the appreciative applause of her more-than-satisfied fans.
Though her performances may have been spectacular, little is actually known about the performer buried under the name Carrie Myers other than the fact that she called Springfield, MA, her home. To begin with, her name may have been something else. Newspaper articles concerning her death reported that she was married, but in the style of the day only gave her name as Mrs. W.H. Wilcox. One report suggested that she had trained under her husband’s tutelage. That being said, her husband was described to be a “railroad man.” In addition, it was said that a sister, brother and mother also survived her. Yet no family members traveled with her and it appears that she acted on her own behalf in her endeavor.
Further research reveals up some curious, though perhaps coincidental, facts. A July 1887 performance booklet from Vermont advertised a balloon act orchestrated by a “Prof. Carl Myers of Mohawk, NY” and his protégé, known publicly as “Carlotta.” In this act, Carlotta would rise into the air, suspended from a balloon with no gondola, which had been inflated with Hydrogen gas. Carlotta, in fact, was Carl Myer’s wife, Mary, whom the booklet fashioned “Queen of the Air.” Carl + Mary= Carrie? Queen of the Air? Queen of the Clouds? Was there any relation—or was it all just a coincidence? Could this contemporary balloon daredevil couple have provided the inspiration for Mrs. Wilcox’ performance name? The truth remains a mystery.
Whatever her true identity, Carrie was a bonafide pioneer, being the only woman to perform a parachute jump act of that type, at that time, though there were other female balloon entertainers who did ascents. And in her first five years of performing the feat, she had only had one recorded accident. In 1904, two years after debuting her death-defying act, her balloon caught fire on the ascent while performing in Bridgeport, CT. With the still-burning balloon beginning to fall back to earth, the audience watched in horror as the debris crashed into a nearby tree. Remarkably, she and her balloon pilot walked away from that near disaster without a scratch.
But by September 1907, signs indicated that her luck might be running out. Newspaper accounts culled from around the country and from local papers like the Olean Morning Times, the Olean Herald and the Elmira Star-Gazette, as well as her hometown paper, the Springfield Republican, concur that the act experienced several incidents that September that suggested some sort of impending doom.
On September 1, for example, Myers’ parachute caught a sudden gust of wind during a show in Winsted, CT, that carried her off from the Highland Lake Park location of the fair and dropped her in the middle of a swamp more than two miles away. Searchers sent out to find her were unsuccessful, but the bruised and battered performer returned to the company the next day, having spent the night in a friendly farmer’s home where the two boys who found the dazed aeronaut had taken her.
Then, just a week later, when the troupe played before a huge audience at the Franklinville Fair, 20 miles north of Olean on Route 16, a horrific accident had rattled the performer. According to a newspaper account, during the first day of the annual event in the village, a passing Pennsylvania Flyer railroad train struck a fairgoer who was walking on the tracks that bordered the fairgrounds. Myers’ tent was located close enough to the scene of the accident that blood splattered all over her clothing trunk. Shaken, the daredevil performer, who was a very superstitious person by nature, told her assistants that she was unsure about going on with her act. No doubt assistant manager, Professor A. W. Marsh, who himself had been a performing balloonist, intervened and convinced the unnerved performer to go on with the show to the delight of the thousands that came to see her astonishing stunt.
But the bad omens did not stop there. Landing awkwardly at the conclusion of her successful jump on September 12, the second day of the Olean fair, she rolled to the ground and severely sprained her left wrist. Due to the excruciating pain in her wrist, she opted to wear a harness securing her waist to the trapeze bar during her jump n the third day of the fair—Friday the 13th.
The Fateful Jump
When the fair opened and the time for Carrie’s performance drew near on Saturday September 14, a crowd reported to be between 8,000 and 10,000 strong gathered on the oval track of the city racecourse. Perhaps the sight of the swelling crowd served to sweep away any pre-show jitters, erasing any bad memories of what had transpired earlier in the month, let alone two days before. Newspaper accounts reveal that Myers even joked with her assistants and other performers, something that she was known to do, saying that because she had survived her jump on Friday the 13th, she surely would be safe on this day.
An Olean Times reporter quoted her teasing “Dare Devil Dick,” a fellow performer who rode a bicycle on a wire, saying, “Let us trade acts this afternoon—you make the ascension and I’ll make the ride and drive.” To this the bicycle man replied, “You might not have such good luck with the wheel as I have.” A confident Myers quipped back, “Good luck? Didn’t I make it safely with the balloon yesterday? And that was Friday, the 13th. I guess that’s some luck!”
Later the same bicycle rider asked about her choice of dress for her stunt. “We all seem to have red cloaks around here,” he observed. “Why don't you wear a red cloak?” Myers is reported to have said, “I wear violet for luck. I have two other colored suits but I’m wearing my violet today and just watch me.”
When the reporter asked her about her sprained wrist, she assured the questioner that it was better than it had felt yesterday. She even dismissed a chance to have her picture taken when the manager of the high wire walkers walked up to her with his camera. She dodged behind the Times reporter and said, “You will not need a photo of me to remember me by when I am gone.” All this said just hours from her fateful plunge.
Professor Marsh tried insisting that she wear the harness again, as she had done the day before, but Myers adamantly refused. After failing to convince his star performer to use the harness, the manager might have used the opportunity to ramp-up the anticipation of the crowd when “barking up” the show outside the racecourse gates. Perhaps he even held up the harness, promising his Saturday audience that his star would not be availing herself of any such devices on this day.
Thus, once the huge crowd had filed onto the racetrack and into the grandstand to secure a better vantage point, a cool and confident Carrie Myers, arrayed in her bright white dress and colorful purple cape, made her way through the cheering and appreciative crowd to the platform and awaiting balloon. After the usual fanfare from the professor, the balloon, freed from its restraints, rose rapidly and Myers was heard saying “farewell, boys” as she and her craft floated silently into the bright sky and began to drift toward the north. All was well, and the mass of spectators prepared themselves for the spectacular feat that was to follow as the balloon reached its zenith.
To the delight of the roaring crowd, the beloved performer climbed out of the basket and launched herself into the void below. The crowd let out a loud cheer, then went silent as the tiny form sped toward the ground. Someone in the crowd using a spyglass shouted, “She’s raising her right hand!” and the wide-eyed audience collectively sucked in its breath as the giant parachute burst from its pack and deployed into the air, catching the daredevil with a violent jerk in mid-flight. Within seconds, another shout alerted the awe-struck crowd that the giant parachute was floating away, and she was again falling to the ground.
But the expected never came. Shrieks arose from people in the crowd immediately after several shouted that Myers had lost her grip on the trapeze bar which, still attached to the parachute, was now floating away in the gentle breeze. As the grandstand watched in horror, her tumbling body struck the ground just outside the racecourse fence, coming to rest on a pile of stone and gravel at the northern end of the racetrack, near the creek bank and the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks, a quarter of a mile from the racecourse. Many in the stunned crowd fainted while others rushed to where her body fell. Several boys outraced the responders and one of them, years later in a magazine interview, claimed that he and his friends had used their handkerchiefs to cover the mangled jumper before the adults arrived at the scene.
In the aftermath of the tragedy, many falsehoods arose, all trying to explain the catastrophic failure of her jump. Among the theories reported by the local papers at the time were speculations that Myers’ parachute had been tampered with, or incorrectly packed. Another rumor had it that she had said she was tired of living and that the Saturday ascension would be her last. These were rapidly refuted by the press in the days following her burial, citing the fact that she alone packed her parachute, painstakingly checking every crease and fold, and that several witnesses and co-workers reported her to be in fine spirits before the fateful jump.
Most of the people around her that day point to her failure to use the harness as the root cause of her accident, considering her wrist injury. The tremendous jolt experienced when a parachute deploys is impactful enough even when the jumper is safely ensconced in a harness. Her failure to use the device when using only her weakened left wrist to hang on to the bar would have increased the already high risk inherent in her act. Her manager, when asked about her reluctance to use the harness on her Saturday jump, said that it was a “matter of professional pride” with her. Her success in performing the stunt over her five years of jumping without the use of a harness likely clouded her ability to reasonably evaluate the strength of her wrist or weigh the risk to her life.
The story is a remarkable example of a woman challenging the prevailing idea of the time that only men were capable of doing certain things. Carrie Myers proved them wrong, and the community’s reaction to her final performance provides another remarkable example—albeit one born of tragedy.